01The notario
Someone who is not a lawyer, offering to "fix your papers" for a fee. In Latin America a notario is a trained legal professional; in the United States a notary public is not. Only a licensed attorney or a DOJ-accredited representative may give immigration advice. Ask for the bar number and check it.
02The ICE or IRS phone call
A caller claiming to be from immigration or the tax authority, demanding payment now — by gift card, wire or crypto — or you will be arrested or deported. Neither agency calls to demand payment. Neither takes gift cards. Neither threatens arrest by phone. Hang up.
03The consulate impersonator
A call or message from "the consulate" about a document problem, a fee owed, or a relative in trouble. Consulates do not call to collect money. Hang up and call the consulate’s published number yourself.
04The remittance scam
A "cheaper rate" from an unlicensed sender, a WhatsApp contact offering to carry cash, or a fake app. Every legitimate money transmitter is licensed and searchable on the state regulator’s site. If you cannot find the licence, do not send.
05The job with a fee
A job offer that needs a "processing fee," a training deposit, or your documents up front. No legitimate employer charges you to be hired. Already working and not being paid what you are owed? Your rights at work, whatever your status.
06The rental deposit
An apartment you cannot see, a landlord who is "abroad," a deposit by wire to hold it. Never pay for a home you have not entered with the keys in hand.
07The funeral home after a death
Within hours of a death, a call from a "repatriation service" demanding a deposit to release the body. Nobody can hold a body for payment. Call your consulate before you sign anything — the Consular Desk on this site explains the order.
08The family emergency
A call, often with a voice that sounds like a relative, saying they are in jail, hospital or trouble abroad and need money now. Hang up and call the relative directly on the number you already have.
09The lottery, the grant, the refund
You have won, you qualify, you are owed — and you need to pay a fee to receive it. Money you are genuinely owed never costs money to collect.
10The "we can get you a licence"
A driver’s licence, a work permit, a Social Security number — for a fee, no questions. These documents cannot be bought. The seller keeps your money and, often, your identity.